Cave exploration, also known as speleology, is the study and exploration of caves and other underground environments. This research area involves exploring caves for scientific, recreational, and conservation purposes. Cave explorers, also known as spelunkers, may use specialized equipment such as ropes, harnesses, helmets, and lights to navigate through caves and study the geology, hydrology, biology, and ecology of these unique environments. Cave exploration can provide valuable insights into the Earth's history, climate changes, and biodiversity. Additionally, cave exploration plays a crucial role in discovering new species, preserving fragile ecosystems, and understanding the impact of human activities on cave environments.